Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) are wireless communication systems that operate above the Earth's surface, using satellites in various orbits. They play a crucial role in expanding global communication coverage, especially in remote or underserved regions where traditional mobile networks reach their limits.

In an era of rapid technological development and increasing urbanization, the concept of the smart city is becoming ever more important. Modern cities face the challenge of using scarce resources more efficiently while improving the quality of life for their residents. This is where the Internet of Things (IoT) comes into play.

Off-the-shelf standardized IoT devices often reach their limits in practice when highly specific requirements need to be met. In such cases, tailored IoT solutions are a worthwhile alternative. The IoT hardware is developed specifically for the individual application – from the choice of sensors to integration into existing systems. While custom development requires somewhat more effort at the outset, the long-term benefits make this investment worthwhile for many companies.

The fourth industrial revolution – known as Industry 4.0 – represents the comprehensive digitalization and networking of production and logistics. IoT devices (Internet of Things) collect real-time data from the physical world, while modern communication networks transmit this data at lightning speed.